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Sikh Alphabets
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Gurm
Char |
romanization |
Examples of Pronunciation |
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a,A,e |
a |
abut,
ago,
abroad,
achieve,
adopt,
agree,
alone, banana
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s |
s |
source,
less,
simple,
some |
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h |
h |
hat,
head,
hand,
happy |
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k |
k
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kin,
cook, ache,
kick,
cat |
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K |
kh |
German ich,
Buch
(deep palatal sound of k) Khaki (a yellowish color),
Khomeni (Ayatula) |
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g |
g |
go,
big,
gift,
gag,
game |
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G |
gh |
Deep palatal sound
of g something like in ghost |
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ny |
Must be learnt. |
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c |
ch |
chin,
nature,
church |
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C |
chh |
Similar to sh in
shin, must be learnt |
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j |
j |
job,
gem, edge,
join,
judge |
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J |
jh |
Deep labial sound
of j |
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\ |
nj |
Must be learnt. |
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t |
t |
tie,
attack,
tin,
tap, |
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T |
th |
thug, |
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f |
d |
did,
adder,
deed,
dam,
double, |
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F |
dh |
Deep palatal sound
of d |
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x |
n |
Must be learnt. |
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q |
t |
Must be learnt. |
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Q |
th |
thin,
thick,
three, ether,
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d |
d |
the,
then, either,
this,
there |
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D |
Dh |
Deep labial sound
of 'the' |
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n |
n |
no,
own, sudden,
nib,
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p |
p |
pepper,
lip, pit,
paper |
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P |
f |
fifty,
cuff,
phase, rough,
fit,
foot,
fur |
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b |
b |
baby,
rib, bib,
button,
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B |
bh |
Deep palatal sound
of b |
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m |
m |
mum,
murmur, dim,
nymph |
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X |
y
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yard,
young,
union |
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r |
r |
red,
car,
rarity,
rose |
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l |
l |
lily,
pool,
lid, needle,
lamb |
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v |
v |
vivid,
give, live |
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V |
rh |
Deep palatal sound
of r (must be learnt) |
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S |
sh |
shy,
mission, machine,
special |
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^ |
kh |
Deep palatal sound
of kh |
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Z |
g |
Deep palatal sound
of g |
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z |
z |
zone,
raise,
zebra,
xylem |
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& |
f |
Deep labial sound
of f |
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L |
l |
Deep palatal sound
of l |
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H |
H |
Same as h but of
short duration |
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@ |
H |
Same as h but of
short duration |
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η |
ch |
Same as ch but
of short duration |
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t |
Same as t but of
short duration |
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t |
Same as t
but of short duration |
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n |
Same as n but of
short duration |
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΄ |
y |
Same as y but of
short duration |
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R |
r |
Same as r but of
short duration |
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Ν |
v |
Same as v but of
short duration |
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w |
aa |
bother,
cot, father,
cart, palm |
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W |
aaN |
This adds nasal
tone to aa |
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i |
i |
tip,
banish, active, pit,
it, give |
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I |
ee |
nosebleed,
bee, feed,
beat, |
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u |
u |
bull,
pull, full,
cure hood,
book |
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U |
oo |
cool,
pool, boot,
tool, rule |
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y |
ay |
ray,
say, day,
hay, bay |
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Y |
ai |
mat,
map, bad,
lad, glad,
rat, bat, |
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o |
o |
bone,
know, toe,
note, go |
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O |
ou |
out,
pound, now,
loud |
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N |
N |
indicates that a
preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the nasal passages
open, as in French un bon vln blanc |
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M |
N |
indicates that a
preceding vowel or diphthong is pronounced with the nasal passages
open, as in French un bon vln blanc |
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E |
o |
oak,
oath,
oatmeal, |
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